Use of Exoskeletons in the International Workplace: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This article presents a systematic review on the use of exoskeletons in the international workplace, aiming to analyze their contribution to reducing musculoskeletal disorders and muscle fatigue. The PRISMA methodology was applied, reviewing articles from Scopus and Web of Science published between 2020 and 2025. The results confirm that industrial exoskeletons, predominantly passive, reduce biomechanical loads and muscle activity. Case studies such as Boeing and the HAPO exoskeleton show reductions of up to 35% in muscle activity and perceived exertion. Smart exosuits or "Health Suits" are also emerging. However, challenges persist: load transfer to other body areas, lack of standardized regulations for their certification as personal protective equipment, and scarce studies on long-term effects. It is concluded that exoskeletons are a valuable tool as a last resort in the hierarchy of controls, but their implementation must be tailored to each task.

Keywords: exoeskeletons; muscle fatigue; musculoskeletal disorders; PRISMA method; risk prevention.